Liquid hydrogen has long been used as a fuel in rockets, and now it powers some automobiles. Though hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it doesn't occur naturally in liquid form. To make liquid hydrogen, you need to get gaseous hydrogen and get it extremely cold.
Gas
Production of liquid hydrogen starts with pure hydrogen gas. But pure hydrogen is extremely rare on Earth; nearly all the planet's hydrogen is locked in compounds with other atoms.
Extraction
Hydrogen gas can be obtained by extracting it from natural gas through a process called steam methane reforming, or by splitting water into its components--hydrogen and oxygen--through electrolysis.
Cooling
Once hydrogen gas has been isolated, it's pressurized and super-cooled to a temperature a little colder than minus-423 degrees F, which is hydrogen's boiling point. At that temperature, the gas condenses into a liquid.
Appearance
Liquid hydrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-corrosive. However, it's also extremely flammable; when liquid hydrogen is mixed with air, the slightest spark can trigger an explosion.
Fun Fact
Hydrogen's freezing point is about minus-434 degrees, not much colder than its boiling point. Chill hydrogen to that point, and it becomes a metallic solid.
Source:
Universal Industrial Gases: Hydrogen Properties
Air Products via Harvard University: Liquid Hydrogen
Stanford University: Hydrogen
NASA: Solid Hydrogen Particles
Read more: http://www.environmentalleader.com/2010/01/18/universities-add-wind-power/
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Showing posts with label Liquid Hydrogen. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Liquid Hydrogen. Show all posts
May 7, 2010
Jan 14, 2010
Home hydrogen to spark energy revolution?
2010 Jan 8
An off-grid energy revolution was launched this week with the unveiling of the world’s first domestic hydrogen generator at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.
Although domestic hydrogen fuel cells are already on the market, their use has been limited by the availability of hydrogen. They have depended on the supply of bottled industrially produced hydrogen, or metal hydride canisters to make them work.
The ‘Hydrofill’ which can fit on a desk top is a hydrogen refuelling and storage device that plugs into any available power source –mains electricity, solar panels or wind turbine.
Manufactured by Singapore based Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies, it automatically extracts hydrogen from its water tank by means of electrolysis and stores it in a solid form in small refillable cartridges. The cartridges contain metallic alloys that absorb hydrogen into their crystalline structure. The cartridges then release the hydrogen at low pressures, which claims Horizon, addresses many of the worries about storing hydrogen at high pressure.
They can be used to recharge fuel cells in hydrogen cars or to run domestic electrical devices.
Horizon claims that the new product could kick start an energy revolution. Fuel cell technology, it points out, can greatly improve the usability of many battery or engine-powered devices, and create the possibility of lower cost electric cars that drive longer distances and recharge instantly.
It may even eliminate completely the need for large-scale fuelling infrastructure investments. “We no longer need to rely on nationwide networks of hydrogen fuelling stations to enable large-scale fuel cell commercialization,” said founding partner Taras Wankewycz. “Horizon is initiating a transition that places consumers in the driving seat. Thanks to our innovation each household can gradually become a major part of tomorrow’s hydrogen fuel supply infrastructure.”
The manufacturer says this system is the most efficient storage method for hydrogen there is. It claims that it has a higher “volumetric energy density” than even liquid hydrogen. The cartridges are effectively batteries but unlike conventional batteries, they store more energy, are cheaper, and do not contain any environmentally-harmful heavy metals.
Read more: http://www.off-grid.net/author/alexbenady/
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An off-grid energy revolution was launched this week with the unveiling of the world’s first domestic hydrogen generator at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.
Although domestic hydrogen fuel cells are already on the market, their use has been limited by the availability of hydrogen. They have depended on the supply of bottled industrially produced hydrogen, or metal hydride canisters to make them work.
The ‘Hydrofill’ which can fit on a desk top is a hydrogen refuelling and storage device that plugs into any available power source –mains electricity, solar panels or wind turbine.
Manufactured by Singapore based Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies, it automatically extracts hydrogen from its water tank by means of electrolysis and stores it in a solid form in small refillable cartridges. The cartridges contain metallic alloys that absorb hydrogen into their crystalline structure. The cartridges then release the hydrogen at low pressures, which claims Horizon, addresses many of the worries about storing hydrogen at high pressure.
They can be used to recharge fuel cells in hydrogen cars or to run domestic electrical devices.
Horizon claims that the new product could kick start an energy revolution. Fuel cell technology, it points out, can greatly improve the usability of many battery or engine-powered devices, and create the possibility of lower cost electric cars that drive longer distances and recharge instantly.
It may even eliminate completely the need for large-scale fuelling infrastructure investments. “We no longer need to rely on nationwide networks of hydrogen fuelling stations to enable large-scale fuel cell commercialization,” said founding partner Taras Wankewycz. “Horizon is initiating a transition that places consumers in the driving seat. Thanks to our innovation each household can gradually become a major part of tomorrow’s hydrogen fuel supply infrastructure.”
The manufacturer says this system is the most efficient storage method for hydrogen there is. It claims that it has a higher “volumetric energy density” than even liquid hydrogen. The cartridges are effectively batteries but unlike conventional batteries, they store more energy, are cheaper, and do not contain any environmentally-harmful heavy metals.
Read more: http://www.off-grid.net/author/alexbenady/
Want to help with Global-Warming? Please visit http://www.whiteearth.org
Please become a fan of the Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/pages/WhiteEarthorg/119367692642 and http://www.facebook.com/pages/WhiteEarth/165767310764
Become a friend on Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/christopherbeau
Follow me on Twitter http://www.twitter.com/christopherbeau
Become a follower of this blog
When you buy art on http://www.artsymphony.com 100% of your investment goes to sponsor WhiteEarth
Nov 27, 2009
First hydrogen buses in Whistler, Canada
2009 Nov 24
- The first of 20 hydrogen powered buses has come into operation in Whistler, Canada, on November 20 2009, operated by BC Transit.
The project costs $89.5m, with $45m from the Government of Canada and $44.5m from British Columbia government and BC Transit. Each bus costs $2.1m.
The buses were assembled in Winnipeg, Canada, and brought to Vancouver by trailer.
Some of the hydrogen will be supplied from a chemical plant in North Vancouver - it is part of waste gases which would otherwise be vented to the air. It will be supplemented by liquid hydrogen trucked from Air Liquide Canada in Quebec, approx 5,200km away. The Air Liquide hydrogen is mainly made from using electricity from hydroelectric power to electrolyse water.
BC Transit is looking for a source of hydrogen which is not so far away.
Taking the transportation into account, this means that the total greenhouse gas emissions of the buses are 38 per cent of emissions from normal diesel buses.
Climate change campaigners have criticised the project, saying that for environmental purposes, the money could be better spent improving public transit in general, encouraging more people to use it.
Read more: http://www.h2journal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=307Want to help with Global-Warming? Please visit http://www.whiteearth.org
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Nov 26, 2009
Bmw Delivers World’s First Hydrogen-powered Saloon
2009 Nov 25
Anthony Fontanelle asked:
Direct from its factory in the United Kingdom, BMW delivers the world’s first fleet of the world’s first hydrogen-powered emissions-free luxury saloons – the Hydrogen 7. The saloon is based on the chassis of the standard 7-series but its engine is designed to run on gasoline or hydrogen (bivalent). In hydrogen mode, the saloon emits nothing more than water vapor.
Next week, ‘Clean Energy’ will arrive to the UK with the rolling out eight BMW Hydrogen 7 cars. The virtually emissions-free luxury saloons, also flaunting enhanced BMW brake boosters and other power parts, form part of a total fleet of a hundred Hydrogen 7 models that are a major landmark in the automaker’s CleanEnergy programme. For the first time, Hydrogen 7 models have been delivered on the ‘standard’ 7 Series production line and will be used in normal daily driving in the UK.
Jim O’Donnell, the BMW UK’s managing director, summed up BMW’s milestones: “The arrival of our Hydrogen 7 cars could not have come at a better time. Politicians, business leaders, the media and consumers are engaged in healthy debate on the future of energy supply and use. Meanwhile, the automotive industry is committed to cleaner motoring, with a host of possible solutions available today and being developed for the mid- and long-term. BMW is at the core of the future of motoring with tremendous developments in petrol and diesel engines, hybrid powertrains and hydrogen technologies.”
O’Donnell concluded, “Our EfficientDynamics programme has introduced energy-saving technologies that break through the 60 miles per gallon and one hundred and twenty grams per kilometre CO2 barriers, our new diesels are cleaner and greener than many of today’s hybrids, yet power and performance in all of our cars has improved. Clean, green motoring can also be engaging and dynamic, and the new BMW Hydrogen 7 models epitomise that philosophy.”
The fleet of liquid hydrogen powered product lines from the German automaker is aimed at continuing its rigorous programme of driving activities on UK roads. According to BMW, the company will be in active service as support vehicles at a number of high profile events over the summer as well as transporting key participants at industrial, business and political conferences. A chosen group of high-profile VIP users will also take delivery of a car for short periods of time in order to experience the ‘normality’ of emissions-free motoring.
Uwe Ellinghaus, BMW UK’s marketing director, noted the importance of these hydrogen cars: “The age-old chicken-and-egg debate has now been resolved. BMW can produce hydrogen-powered cars on the production line and the time is right to engage with business leaders and politicians in order to progress the development of a hydrogen highway – the fuelling and infrastructure requirements that make hydrogen a viable fuel for the consumer.”
He added further, “We hope that experiencing these cars in normal driving situations will encourage people to join the debate. Without doubt, it will take many years for a suitable infrastructure to develop that makes hydrogen power an easy option for the consumer, but all indications are hydrogen is the only genuine long-term sustainable power source for cars. Public hydrogen filling stations have been developed in Germany and California, and the presence of BMW Hydrogen 7 cars in the UK will undoubtedly bring the future closer for British drivers.”
Read more: http://www.sepmobile.cn/20/25/46/764.html
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Help with supporting WhiteEarth.org by buying art on http://www.artsymphony.com 100% of proceeds go to WhiteEarth
Anthony Fontanelle asked:
Direct from its factory in the United Kingdom, BMW delivers the world’s first fleet of the world’s first hydrogen-powered emissions-free luxury saloons – the Hydrogen 7. The saloon is based on the chassis of the standard 7-series but its engine is designed to run on gasoline or hydrogen (bivalent). In hydrogen mode, the saloon emits nothing more than water vapor.
Next week, ‘Clean Energy’ will arrive to the UK with the rolling out eight BMW Hydrogen 7 cars. The virtually emissions-free luxury saloons, also flaunting enhanced BMW brake boosters and other power parts, form part of a total fleet of a hundred Hydrogen 7 models that are a major landmark in the automaker’s CleanEnergy programme. For the first time, Hydrogen 7 models have been delivered on the ‘standard’ 7 Series production line and will be used in normal daily driving in the UK.
Jim O’Donnell, the BMW UK’s managing director, summed up BMW’s milestones: “The arrival of our Hydrogen 7 cars could not have come at a better time. Politicians, business leaders, the media and consumers are engaged in healthy debate on the future of energy supply and use. Meanwhile, the automotive industry is committed to cleaner motoring, with a host of possible solutions available today and being developed for the mid- and long-term. BMW is at the core of the future of motoring with tremendous developments in petrol and diesel engines, hybrid powertrains and hydrogen technologies.”
O’Donnell concluded, “Our EfficientDynamics programme has introduced energy-saving technologies that break through the 60 miles per gallon and one hundred and twenty grams per kilometre CO2 barriers, our new diesels are cleaner and greener than many of today’s hybrids, yet power and performance in all of our cars has improved. Clean, green motoring can also be engaging and dynamic, and the new BMW Hydrogen 7 models epitomise that philosophy.”
The fleet of liquid hydrogen powered product lines from the German automaker is aimed at continuing its rigorous programme of driving activities on UK roads. According to BMW, the company will be in active service as support vehicles at a number of high profile events over the summer as well as transporting key participants at industrial, business and political conferences. A chosen group of high-profile VIP users will also take delivery of a car for short periods of time in order to experience the ‘normality’ of emissions-free motoring.
Uwe Ellinghaus, BMW UK’s marketing director, noted the importance of these hydrogen cars: “The age-old chicken-and-egg debate has now been resolved. BMW can produce hydrogen-powered cars on the production line and the time is right to engage with business leaders and politicians in order to progress the development of a hydrogen highway – the fuelling and infrastructure requirements that make hydrogen a viable fuel for the consumer.”
He added further, “We hope that experiencing these cars in normal driving situations will encourage people to join the debate. Without doubt, it will take many years for a suitable infrastructure to develop that makes hydrogen power an easy option for the consumer, but all indications are hydrogen is the only genuine long-term sustainable power source for cars. Public hydrogen filling stations have been developed in Germany and California, and the presence of BMW Hydrogen 7 cars in the UK will undoubtedly bring the future closer for British drivers.”
Read more: http://www.sepmobile.cn/20/25/46/764.html
Want to help with Global-Warming? Please visit http://www.whiteearth.org
Please become a fan of the Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/pages/WhiteEarthorg/119367692642 and http://www.facebook.com/pages/WhiteEarth/165767310764
Become a friend on Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/christopherbeau
Follow me on Twitter http://www.twitter.com/christopherbeau
Help with supporting WhiteEarth.org by buying art on http://www.artsymphony.com 100% of proceeds go to WhiteEarth
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